function velocity_new,energy,e=e,p=p,i=i ; To caluculate the velocity for electrons, protons and ions ; ;CREATED BY: Linghua Wang ;LAST MODIFIED: 05/15/06 ; energy in unit of eV if keyword_set(e) then v=(sqrt(1.-(0.511d6/(0.511d6+energy))^2)*299792458.) ; for electron if keyword_set(p) then v=(sqrt(1.-(931.49d6*1.007276/(931.49d6*1.007276+energy))^2)*299792458.) ; for proton if keyword_set(i) then v=(sqrt(1.-(931.49d6/(931.49d6+energy))^2)*299792458.) ; for ion per amu return,v ; m/s end